A Study of Organochlorine Compounds in Surficial Sediment of Khor Al-Zubair channel, Southern Iraq

Abstract

The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface sediments of Khor Al-Zubair channel in southern Iraq from six different stations were estimated. These sediments constitute an active interface between water and the benthic environment, making them a sensitive indicator of contemporary pollution. Using GC-MS techniques, 12 PCB compounds were identified, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 2.22 ng/g dw in summer and 0.01 to 1.56 ng/g dw in winter. The highest values were recorded at Station 1 and the lowest at Station 5, reflecting the distinct variation in pollution sources and dynamics. These results represent an important first step toward understanding the environmental challenges in the region.

Additionally, the study included accurate measurements of a range of environmental variables, such as water and air temperature, salinity, TDS, DO, and TOC, which are key factors in determining the fate of organic pollutants. For example, the data suggest that lower winter temperatures may favor the retention of organic compounds in sediments, while lower TOC at Station 5 may explain the low PCB levels there. These data are more than just numbers; they illustrate a complex history of interactions between the environment and pollutants, requiring deeper analysis to understand the factors controlling the behavior of these compounds in Khor Al-Zubair and provide realistic solutions based on science and observations.